Garbage collection is a natural monopoly. You cannot have two garbage trucks on the same street — the economics don't work. Casella Waste has spent 40 years acquiring the garbage collection contracts across New England and the Mid-Atlantic. Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine, New York — Casella owns the routes. Once a municipality signs with Casella, switching requires a competitive tender process, new truck purchases, and years of transition. Nobody bothers. The garbage keeps getting collected. The invoice keeps arriving.